Saturday, March 21, 2020

Smoking habit among teenagers free essay sample

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter will discuss the research design, Research Respondents, Locale of the study, Research Instrument, Data gathering Procedure and Statistical data. RESEARCH DESIGN The researchers used the descriptive method in this study in order to discus and determine the causes and reasons of adolescence smoking habit, particularly in the students of PATTS College of Aeronautics. RESEARCH RESPONDENTS 50 Bachelor of Science in Aircraft maintenance Technology students in PATTS College of Aeronautics were purposively surveyed as respondent of the study to give necessary data and information. LOCALE OF THE STUDY The study was conducted in PATTS College of Aeronautics, Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology Section 1B as the selected respondent for the distribution of the questionnaires. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The instruments used by the researcher to this study were in form of survey questionnaire. The questionnaire is composed of the basic information of the respondents and the cause and effect of the selected topic EFFECTS OF SMOKING HABITS TO 2nd YR BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY-1B DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE The survey questionnaires will be distributed to all the students and they will be given enough time to accomplish it. We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking habit among teenagers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The data will be personally retrieved to ensure 100% retrieval. Analysis follows. Data Analysis Procedure STATISTICAL STATEMENT P= f/n x 100% This formula used to get percentage Where: n= population f= frequency P= percentage CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE AND STATUS CONCEPT OF THE RESEARCHER The concept of the researcher is to determine the cause and effect of the cigarette smoking to the students in PATTS College of Aeronautics. FOREIGN LITERATURE FOREIGN STUDY According to the Taiwanese researchers had further identified the reason why tobacco causes lung cancer and other smoking-related diseases and was made the cover story of the February issue of the world is leading biomedical journal, The Journal of Clinical Investigation. The study revealed the mechanism of how tobacco-specific carcinogen causes lung tumors. It showed that the key ingredient of tobacco carcinogen, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK), would induce the accumulation of a protein, DNA methyltranferase 1 (DNMT1), which inhibits the tumor suppressor genes, and lead to lung cancer. It also showed that the accumulation of DNMT1 in lung cancer patients who smoked continuously correlates with poor recovery. If lung cancer patients quit smoking, after two to four weeks, the level of DNMT1 would decrease and this would greatly increase the life span of the patients. Lung cancer patients who quit smoking outlived those who do not quit by eight-to-ten months. Also, in the future, doctors can extract lung cancer samples and test for the level of DNMT1. Lung cancer patients who have a low level of DNMT1 can avoid going through chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The research article was jointly written by researchers from National Cheng Kung University, National Taiwan Normal University, National Health Research Institute, National Yang-Ming University, China Medical University Hospital and National Taiwan University. LOCAL LITERATURE LOCAL STUDY CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION College is a stage of significant growth and potential but it is also considered to be a time of a great risk. A lot of college students are facing pressures to use alcohol, cigarettes, or drugs and to start sexual relationships, thereby putting themselves at high risk for international injuries and infection from sexual transmitted diseases. According to the World Health Report 1999 a considerable number of deaths would be prevented and tobacco related deaths would be halved if most of the adult smokers quit smoking over the next 20 years. People who begin smoking early have a greater risk of lung cancer compared to those who begin smoking at a later age as a result of the cumulative exposure. Tobacco is known to be the only legal consumer product that can cause harm to every one exposed to it and kills most of who use it as intend. The easiest way to stop the effect of tobacco is to prevent its initiation. The purpose of this study is identify factors contributing to adolescence smoking initiation and the aim of the thesis is to produce an evidence based information that will be published on PATTS College of Aeronautics. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Addiction may be described as continued uncontrollable use of a substance regardless of harmful consequences. Many smokers do not acknowledge that they are addicted to tobacco. Most people they can quit whenever they want to. Many youth are of the opinion that they have a lot of time to work on quitting. The first step in recovery is acknowledging that there is a problem. Addicted smokers experience a strong irresistible or uncontrolled desire to smoke. These irresistible desires to smoke can be aroused by smoking cues, abstinence and stressful situations in the environment. Cigarettes smokers been found to have lower level of lung function compared to non-smokers. The rate of lung growth can also be reduced by smoking. Smoking is known to affect the athletic capabilities of young people. Regular smoking may lead to coughs and worsen respiratory diseases among young people. Smoking causes damage to different parts of the body such as mouth, teeth, skins finger nails, and hair. Tobacco contains elements and compounds such as arsenic, carbon monoxide, nicotine and formaldehyde which may cause wrinkles, discoloration of skin complexion and yellowing of finger nails when they enter the bloodstream. Smoking costs the smokers in many ways and the cost of smoking goes beyond purchasing tobacco products. A smoker spends a considerable amount of money on medical bills, lost wages, higher insurance costs, and spends a lot of money on cosmetics and clothing. Tobacco use compromises the health of both smokers and non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke. Treating of tobacco-related diseases requires a number of medical services, such as hospital stays, physician services, other health practitioners’ services, prescription drugs, home care, and nursing home care. Health care in many advanced countries is catered for by private insurance and socialized health care systems whereas patients in many developing countries pay for medical care costs themselves. (Research for International Tobacco Control 2003, 21. ) STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The study attempts to answer the following question: What are the profile of the respondents in terms of: Sex; Age; What are the reasons why they are smoking? What are side effects of smoking cigarettes? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROBLEM The purpose of this study is to provide the people with a complete and balanced awareness about the effects of cigarettes smoking on their daily lives. Thus, the results of this study will benefits the students, and the people. This study is significant because it will provide the indispensible facts about the negative effects of cigarettes smoking to their health. PATTS College of Aeronautics will benefit this study, to be aware to the effects of cigarettes smoking to the health. SCOPE AND LIMITATION This study was conducted to determine the effects of cigarettes smoking to the health. The research study was only conducted on PATTS College of Aeronautics particularly on 2nd year Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology students. DEFINITION OF TERMS Smoking- is a practice in which a substance, most commonly tobacco, is burned and the smoke is tasted or inhaled. This is primarily practised as a route of administration for recreational drug use, as combustion releases the active substances in drugs such as nicotine and makes them available for absorption through the lungs. It can also be done as a part of rituals, to induce trances and spiritual enlightenment. Addiction- is the continued repetition of behaviour despite adverse consequences, or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviours. DEDICATION The researcher would like to dedicate his dissertation work to every student out there. The everyday challenges encouraging us to strive harder, making us more tenacious. Without the constant problems the student faces, it would it would not have been possible. They have consistently help keep perspective on the research and focus in reality. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis wouldn’t be possible without the help and support various people who in one way or another have extended their hands and time in making this thesis a success. Therefore, the researcher would like to express his deepest and more gratitude to the following people: To my professor, Ms. Apao, for the lesson and knowledge she has taught them which are valuable to this thesis. To the staff and librarians of PATTS College of Aeronautics for the assistance and help in getting them the right reference for my thesis. To the 2nd year Bachelor in Science of Aircraft Maintenance Technology Students for taking the time to participate and answer to the researcher’s survey which is valuable to my thesis, thank you for your cooperation and patients. To their parents, thank you for your never ending support and encouragement. For the trust, patience, guidance and love. Above all, to god for giving them the wisdom, the strength and knowledge in exploring things; for the guidance and protection bestowed on them during the journey of this thesis and for giving them determination to surpass all trials that they have encountered.

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Christening Ships, Champagne, and Superstition

Christening Ships, Champagne, and Superstition The ceremony of christening new ships began in the distant past, and we know that Romans, Greeks, and Egyptians all held ceremonies to ask the gods to protect sailors. By the 1800s the christenings of ships began to follow a familiar pattern. A â€Å"christening fluid† would be poured against the bow of the ship, though it was not necessarily wine or Champagne. There are accounts in U.S. Navy records of 19th-century warships being christened with water from significant American rivers. The christening of ships became great public events, with large crowds assembled to witness the ceremony. And it became standard for Champagne, as the most elite of wines, to be used for the christening. The tradition developed that a female would do the honors and be named the sponsor of the ship. Also, maritime superstition held that a ship that wasn’t properly christened would be considered unlucky, and a champagne bottle that didnt break was a particularly bad omen. The Christening of the Maine When the U.S. Navy’s new battle cruiser, the Maine, was christened at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1890, enormous crowds turned out. An article in the New York Times on November 18, 1890, the morning of the ship’s launching, described what was to happen. And it stressed the responsibility weighing on 16-year-old Alice Tracy Wilmerding, the granddaughter of the secretary of the Navy: Miss Wilmerding will have the precious quart bottle secured to her wrist by a short bunch of ribbons, which will serve the same purpose as a sword knot. It is of the utmost importance that the bottle be broken on the first throw, for the bluejackets will declare the vessel is unmanageable if she is permitted to get into the water without first being christened. It is consequently a matter of deep interest to the old â€Å"shellbacks† to learn that Miss Wilmerding has performed her task successfully. An Elaborate Public Ceremony The next day’s edition provided surprisingly detailed coverage of the christening ceremony: Fifteen thousand people – on the word of the watchman at the gate – swarmed about the red hull of the giant battle ship, on the decks of all the assembled vessels, in the upper stories and on the roofs of all the adjacent buildings. The raised platform at the point of the Maine’s ram bow was prettily draped with flags and flowers and upon it with Gen. Tracy and Mr. Whitney stood a party of ladies. Prominent among them was the Secretary’s granddaughter, Miss Alice Wilmerding, with her mother. It was upon Miss Wilmerding that all eyes centred. That young lady, clad in a cream white skirt, a warm black jacket, and a big dark hat with light feathers, wore her honors with a very modest dignity, being fully sensible of the importance of her position. She is scarcely sixteen years old. Her hair in a long braid fell gracefully down her back, and she chatted with her more elderly companions with perfect ease, as though entirely ignorant of the fact that 10,000 pairs of eyes were looking toward her. The bottle of wine which her hands were to break over the formidable bow was a pretty thing indeed – quite too pretty, she said, to be offered up on the shrine of so unfeeling a monster. It was a pint bottle, covered with a network of fine cord. Wound around its full length was a ribbon bearing a picture of the Maine in gold, and from its base hung a knot of varicolored silk pennants ending in a gold tassel. Around its neck were two long ribbons bound in gold lace, one white and one blue. At the ends of the white ribbon were the words, â€Å"Alice Tracy Wilmerding, November 18, 1890,† and at the ends of the blue were the words, â€Å"U.S.S. Maine.† The Maine Enters the Water When the ship was released from restraints, the crowd erupted. â€Å"She moves!† burst from the crowd, and a great cheer went up from the lookers-on, whose excitement, no longer pent up, ran wild. Above all the uproar could be heard Miss Wilmerding’s clear voice. â€Å"I christen thee Maine† she said, accompanying her words with a smash of the bottle hard against the steel of the cruiser’s bow – a performance attended by a great splashing of the effervescent wine, which flew all over the coats of Secretary Tracy and his close companion, ex-Secretary Whitney. The USS Maine, of course, holds a unique place in history as it exploded and sank in Havana harbor in 1898, an event which led to the Spanish-American War. Stories later circulated that the ship’s christening had portended bad luck, yet the newspapers reported a successful christening at the time. Queen Victoria Did the Honors in England A few months later, on February 27, 1891, the New York Times published a dispatch from London describing how Queen Victoria had traveled to Portsmouth and christened a warship of the Royal Navy, with some help from electrical machinery. At the conclusion of the religious service the Queen touched a button protruding from a small electric machine which had been placed in front of the place where her Majesty was standing, and the traditional brightly beribboned bottle of champagne, detached by the current from its position over the bows of the Royal Arthur, crashed upon the vessel’s cutwater, the Queen exclaiming, â€Å"I name thee Royal Arthur. The Curse of Camilla In December 2007 news reports were not so sanguine when a Cunard liner named for Queen Victoria was christened. A reporter from USA Today noted: Camilla, the Duchess of Cornwall, the controversial wife of Englands Prince Charles, christened the 2,014-passenger ship earlier this month in an elaborate ceremony in Southampton, England that was marred only by the fact the champagne bottle didnt break - a bad omen in the superstitious seafaring trade. The first cruises of Cunards Queen Victoria were marred by outbreaks of viral illness, an intense vomiting bug, that afflicted passengers. The British press was buzzing with tales of The Curse of Camilla. In the modern world, its easy to scoff at superstitious sailors. But the people stricken aboard the Queen Victoria would probably put some stock into stories about ships and champagne bottles.